Niobium Average Charge States by FLYCHK calculations
Steady-State Average Charge States are tabulated
Electron Density Grid : 1012 cm-3 - 1024 cm-3 : Electron Temperature Grid : 0.5 eV - 105 eV
FLYCHK calculations are known to give better results for highly ionized plasmas and intermediate electron densities.
For very low Ne, FLYCHK overestimates the meta-stable state population which may affect <Z>.
For very high Ne, FLYCHK may give inadequate results due to simple continuum lowering model and lack of degenerate states.
| Te\ Ne | 1012 | 1013 | 1014 | 1015 | 1016 | 1017 | 1018 | 1019 | 1020 | 1021 | 1022 | 1023 | 1024 |
| 0.5 | 2.97E-01 | 4.02E-01 | 5.61E-01 | 7.49E-01 | 5.32E-01 | 1.33E-01 | 2.02E-02 | 4.18E-03 | 2.23E-03 | 1.03E-02 | 1.01E+00 | 4.00E+00 | 8.00E+00 |
| 1.0 | 1.07E+00 | 1.24E+00 | 1.64E+00 | 1.71E+00 | 1.42E+00 | 1.04E+00 | 7.44E-01 | 3.05E-01 | 9.26E-02 | 1.54E-01 | 1.09E+00 | 4.00E+00 | 8.00E+00 |
| 1.5 | 1.73E+00 | 1.90E+00 | 2.00E+00 | 2.02E+00 | 2.01E+00 | 1.90E+00 | 1.42E+00 | 6.34E-01 | 1.62E-01 | 7.90E-02 | 1.21E+00 | 4.01E+00 | 8.00E+00 |
| 2.0 | 1.98E+00 | 2.04E+00 | 2.19E+00 | 2.58E+00 | 2.65E+00 | 2.34E+00 | 1.91E+00 | 1.19E+00 | 2.79E-01 | 9.97E-02 | 1.34E+00 | 4.02E+00 | 8.00E+00 |
| 5.0 | 3.66E+00 | 3.69E+00 | 3.89E+00 | 4.42E+00 | 4.71E+00 | 4.73E+00 | 4.44E+00 | 3.67E+00 | 2.51E+00 | 1.25E+00 | 2.16E+00 | 4.12E+00 | 8.00E+00 |
| 7.0 | 4.83E+00 | 4.83E+00 | 4.86E+00 | 4.94E+00 | 4.98E+00 | 4.99E+00 | 4.95E+00 | 4.65E+00 | 3.69E+00 | 2.41E+00 | 2.79E+00 | 4.21E+00 | 8.01E+00 |
| 10.0 | 4.98E+00 | 4.98E+00 | 4.99E+00 | 5.02E+00 | 5.12E+00 | 5.24E+00 | 5.24E+00 | 5.07E+00 | 4.54E+00 | 3.56E+00 | 3.68E+00 | 4.34E+00 | 8.02E+00 |
| 15.0 | 5.25E+00 | 5.25E+00 | 5.25E+00 | 5.32E+00 | 5.71E+00 | 6.49E+00 | 6.95E+00 | 6.81E+00 | 5.74E+00 | 4.53E+00 | 4.57E+00 | 4.54E+00 | 8.04E+00 |
| 23.0 | 6.08E+00 | 6.09E+00 | 6.10E+00 | 6.18E+00 | 6.70E+00 | 7.81E+00 | 8.88E+00 | 9.28E+00 | 8.54E+00 | 6.63E+00 | 5.31E+00 | 4.90E+00 | 7.15E+00 |
| 32.0 | 7.55E+00 | 7.55E+00 | 7.56E+00 | 7.62E+00 | 8.03E+00 | 9.10E+00 | 1.02E+01 | 1.07E+01 | 1.05E+01 | 8.89E+00 | 6.74E+00 | 5.56E+00 | 7.26E+00 |
| 52.0 | 1.15E+01 | 1.15E+01 | 1.15E+01 | 1.15E+01 | 1.16E+01 | 1.16E+01 | 1.18E+01 | 1.23E+01 | 1.37E+01 | 1.29E+01 | 9.87E+00 | 7.99E+00 | 7.63E+00 |
| 74.0 | 1.24E+01 | 1.24E+01 | 1.24E+01 | 1.24E+01 | 1.24E+01 | 1.24E+01 | 1.25E+01 | 1.35E+01 | 1.53E+01 | 1.62E+01 | 1.46E+01 | 1.07E+01 | 8.25E+00 |
| 100.0 | 1.28E+01 | 1.28E+01 | 1.28E+01 | 1.28E+01 | 1.28E+01 | 1.28E+01 | 1.31E+01 | 1.46E+01 | 1.66E+01 | 1.83E+01 | 1.75E+01 | 1.53E+01 | 9.61E+00 |
| 165.0 | 1.34E+01 | 1.34E+01 | 1.34E+01 | 1.34E+01 | 1.34E+01 | 1.36E+01 | 1.44E+01 | 1.63E+01 | 1.88E+01 | 2.14E+01 | 2.21E+01 | 2.02E+01 | 1.80E+01 |
| 235.0 | 1.45E+01 | 1.45E+01 | 1.45E+01 | 1.45E+01 | 1.45E+01 | 1.47E+01 | 1.56E+01 | 1.76E+01 | 2.04E+01 | 2.29E+01 | 2.50E+01 | 2.36E+01 | 2.07E+01 |
| 310.0 | 1.59E+01 | 1.59E+01 | 1.59E+01 | 1.59E+01 | 1.59E+01 | 1.61E+01 | 1.68E+01 | 1.87E+01 | 2.15E+01 | 2.41E+01 | 2.72E+01 | 2.65E+01 | 2.31E+01 |
| 390.0 | 1.73E+01 | 1.73E+01 | 1.73E+01 | 1.73E+01 | 1.73E+01 | 1.74E+01 | 1.80E+01 | 1.97E+01 | 2.23E+01 | 2.54E+01 | 2.84E+01 | 2.82E+01 | 2.55E+01 |
| 475.0 | 1.87E+01 | 1.87E+01 | 1.87E+01 | 1.87E+01 | 1.87E+01 | 1.87E+01 | 1.91E+01 | 2.06E+01 | 2.29E+01 | 2.65E+01 | 2.91E+01 | 2.91E+01 | 2.72E+01 |
| 655.0 | 2.11E+01 | 2.11E+01 | 2.11E+01 | 2.11E+01 | 2.11E+01 | 2.11E+01 | 2.13E+01 | 2.22E+01 | 2.44E+01 | 2.82E+01 | 2.99E+01 | 3.04E+01 | 2.97E+01 |
| 845.0 | 2.33E+01 | 2.33E+01 | 2.33E+01 | 2.33E+01 | 2.33E+01 | 2.33E+01 | 2.34E+01 | 2.40E+01 | 2.63E+01 | 2.92E+01 | 3.03E+01 | 3.14E+01 | 3.20E+01 |
| 1000.0 | 2.56E+01 | 2.56E+01 | 2.56E+01 | 2.56E+01 | 2.56E+01 | 2.56E+01 | 2.56E+01 | 2.61E+01 | 2.79E+01 | 2.96E+01 | 3.05E+01 | 3.21E+01 | 3.32E+01 |
| 1441.0 | 2.95E+01 | 2.95E+01 | 2.95E+01 | 2.95E+01 | 2.95E+01 | 2.95E+01 | 2.96E+01 | 2.96E+01 | 2.98E+01 | 3.03E+01 | 3.12E+01 | 3.36E+01 | 3.53E+01 |
| 1925.0 | 3.04E+01 | 3.04E+01 | 3.04E+01 | 3.04E+01 | 3.04E+01 | 3.04E+01 | 3.04E+01 | 3.04E+01 | 3.05E+01 | 3.07E+01 | 3.19E+01 | 3.48E+01 | 3.65E+01 |
| 2454.0 | 3.08E+01 | 3.08E+01 | 3.08E+01 | 3.08E+01 | 3.08E+01 | 3.08E+01 | 3.08E+01 | 3.08E+01 | 3.09E+01 | 3.12E+01 | 3.28E+01 | 3.58E+01 | 3.72E+01 |
| 3030.0 | 3.12E+01 | 3.12E+01 | 3.12E+01 | 3.12E+01 | 3.12E+01 | 3.12E+01 | 3.12E+01 | 3.12E+01 | 3.13E+01 | 3.17E+01 | 3.38E+01 | 3.65E+01 | 3.77E+01 |
| 3655.0 | 3.18E+01 | 3.18E+01 | 3.18E+01 | 3.18E+01 | 3.18E+01 | 3.18E+01 | 3.18E+01 | 3.18E+01 | 3.19E+01 | 3.25E+01 | 3.47E+01 | 3.70E+01 | 3.81E+01 |
| 4331.0 | 3.27E+01 | 3.27E+01 | 3.27E+01 | 3.27E+01 | 3.27E+01 | 3.27E+01 | 3.27E+01 | 3.27E+01 | 3.28E+01 | 3.35E+01 | 3.55E+01 | 3.73E+01 | 3.83E+01 |
| 5060.0 | 3.38E+01 | 3.38E+01 | 3.38E+01 | 3.38E+01 | 3.38E+01 | 3.38E+01 | 3.38E+01 | 3.38E+01 | 3.39E+01 | 3.45E+01 | 3.61E+01 | 3.76E+01 | 3.85E+01 |
| 5844.0 | 3.49E+01 | 3.49E+01 | 3.49E+01 | 3.49E+01 | 3.49E+01 | 3.49E+01 | 3.49E+01 | 3.49E+01 | 3.49E+01 | 3.54E+01 | 3.66E+01 | 3.79E+01 | 3.86E+01 |
| 6685.0 | 3.59E+01 | 3.59E+01 | 3.59E+01 | 3.59E+01 | 3.59E+01 | 3.59E+01 | 3.59E+01 | 3.59E+01 | 3.58E+01 | 3.61E+01 | 3.70E+01 | 3.81E+01 | 3.87E+01 |
| 7585.0 | 3.67E+01 | 3.67E+01 | 3.67E+01 | 3.67E+01 | 3.67E+01 | 3.67E+01 | 3.67E+01 | 3.66E+01 | 3.65E+01 | 3.67E+01 | 3.73E+01 | 3.82E+01 | 3.87E+01 |
| 8546.0 | 3.72E+01 | 3.72E+01 | 3.72E+01 | 3.72E+01 | 3.72E+01 | 3.72E+01 | 3.72E+01 | 3.72E+01 | 3.70E+01 | 3.71E+01 | 3.76E+01 | 3.84E+01 | 3.88E+01 |
| 10000.0 | 3.78E+01 | 3.78E+01 | 3.78E+01 | 3.78E+01 | 3.78E+01 | 3.78E+01 | 3.78E+01 | 3.77E+01 | 3.75E+01 | 3.76E+01 | 3.79E+01 | 3.85E+01 | 3.88E+01 |
| 20000.0 | 3.88E+01 | 3.88E+01 | 3.88E+01 | 3.88E+01 | 3.88E+01 | 3.88E+01 | 3.88E+01 | 3.88E+01 | 3.88E+01 | 3.88E+01 | 3.88E+01 | 3.90E+01 | 3.92E+01 |
| 50000.0 | 3.96E+01 | 3.96E+01 | 3.96E+01 | 3.96E+01 | 3.96E+01 | 3.96E+01 | 3.96E+01 | 3.96E+01 | 3.96E+01 | 3.96E+01 | 3.96E+01 | 3.97E+01 | 3.98E+01 |
| 100000.0 | 4.02E+01 | 4.02E+01 | 4.02E+01 | 4.02E+01 | 4.02E+01 | 4.02E+01 | 4.02E+01 | 4.02E+01 | 4.02E+01 | 4.02E+01 | 4.02E+01 | 4.02E+01 | 4.03E+01 |